Microbiology
Medical microbiology, bacteriology, mycology, parasitology, virology, infection control, and clinical syndromes. Every card is a launch point into the question bank and the grounded Teaching Room.
Study day 1
1. Introduction to Medical Microbiology
Introduction to Medical Microbiology
↗• Definition
• Infectious agents
• Classification of microorganisms
+ 1 more cardinal subtopics
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History and Development of Medical Microbiology
↗• Notable events
• Scientists and contributions
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Definition of Terms
↗• Pathogens
• Normal microbiota
• Infection
+ 3 more cardinal subtopics
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Basic Microscopy
↗• Types of microscopes
• Parts of microscopes and functions
• Resolution
+ 1 more cardinal subtopics
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Relationship of Medical Microbiology
↗• To clinical medicine
• To public health
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Study day 2
2. Basic Mycology, Parasitology and Virology
Basic Mycology
↗• Definition of terms
• Characteristics of fungi
• Types of fungal disorders
+ 1 more cardinal subtopics
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Basic Parasitology
↗• Definition of terms
• Characteristics of parasites
• Host-parasite relationships
+ 1 more cardinal subtopics
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Basic Virology
↗• Definition of terms
• Characteristics of viruses
• Viral replication
+ 2 more cardinal subtopics
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Study day 3
3. Basic Bacteriology
Morphology and Classification of Bacteria
↗• Morphology of bacteria
• Bacterial cell wall structure and significance
• Classification by nutritional requirements, oxygen requirement, temperature requirement
+ 1 more cardinal subtopics
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Bacterial Metabolism
↗• Oxidation pathway
• Fermentation pathway
• Bacterial multiplication
+ 2 more cardinal subtopics
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Bacterial Genetics
↗• Concept of protein synthesis
• Microbial mutations
• Gene transfers
+ 3 more cardinal subtopics
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Study day 4
4. Laboratory Procedures and Infection Control
Laboratory Procedures in Medical Microbiology
↗• Staining techniques: Gram, Ziehl-Neelsen, KOH, Giemsa, Field stain, Saline wet mount, Albert stain, Capsular stains
• Culture media: classification, uses
• Laboratory safety, analytic phases, specimen handling, request form data
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Basic Principles of Sterilization and Disinfection
↗• Classification of sterilization methods
• Definitions: Asepsis, Antisepsis, Sterilization
• Classification of medical devices and sterilization method utilised
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Infection Prevention and Control
↗• Basic principles
• Standard precautions
• Transmission-based precautions
+ 1 more cardinal subtopics
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Diagnostic Techniques
↗• Molecular diagnostic techniques
• Serologic diagnostic techniques
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Study day 5
5. Microbial Pathogenicity and Chemotherapy
Microbial Pathogenicity
↗• Concept of normal flora
• Infection and immunity
• Concept of communicability
+ 1 more cardinal subtopics
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Chemotherapy of Infections
↗• Principles and practice
• Classification of antimicrobials and mechanisms of action
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Antimicrobial Resistance
↗• Origins
• Ambler and Bush classifications
• AmpC
+ 4 more cardinal subtopics
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Anaerobes
↗• Concept of anaerobiosis
• Characteristics of anaerobes
• Classification of anaerobes
+ 1 more cardinal subtopics
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Study day 6
6. Systematic Bacteriology (Specific Organisms)
Staphylococcus spp
↗• S. aureus, S. saprophyticus, S. epidermidis
• Virulence factors
• Clinical manifestations
+ 2 more cardinal subtopics
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Streptococcus spp
↗• Classification
• S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae
• S. pneumoniae, Enterococcus, Viridans streptococci
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Mycobacteria
↗• Classification
• M. tuberculosis, DR-TB
• M. leprae — pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment
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Enterobacterales
↗• General characteristics and classification
• Escherichia coli: EIEC, EHEC, EAEC, EPEC — laboratory diagnosis
• Klebsiella spp, Enterobacter
+ 2 more cardinal subtopics
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Pseudomonas spp and Acinetobacter spp
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Vibrio spp, Campylobacter spp, Helicobacter spp
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Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus ducreyi
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Yersinia spp and Bordetella pertussis
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis
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Legionella, Bartonella, Bacterial Vaginosis, Whipple Disease
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Treponema pallidum and Borrelia spp
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Mycoplasma spp, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Rickettsia
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Chlamydia, Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV), Chlamydophila pneumoniae
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Brucella spp, Francisella spp, Pasteurella spp
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Burkholderia spp, Stenotrophomonas spp, Moraxella spp
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Study day 7
7. Systematic Mycology (Specific Fungal Infections)
Study day 8
8. Systematic Parasitology — Protozoa
Amoebae
↗• Pathogenic: E. histolytica
• Non-pathogenic
• Opportunistic: Naegleria fowleri, Acanthamoeba spp
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Flagellates
↗• Intestinal: Giardia lamblia
• Genital: Trichomonas vaginalis
• Blood and tissue: Leishmania — classification, epidemiology, lifecycle, pathogenesis, clinical syndrome, diagnosis, treatment/prevention
+ 1 more cardinal subtopics
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Sporozoa
↗• Toxoplasma gondii, Babesia, Isospora belli, Balantidium coli, Microsporidia
• Malaria parasites: types, epidemiology, lifecycle, pathogenesis, clinical features, complications, diagnosis, treatment/prevention
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Study day 9
9. Systematic Parasitology — Helminths
Cestodes
↗• General characteristics and classification
• Diphyllobothrium latum, Taenia spp
• Hymenolepis nana, Echinococcus spp
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Trematodes
↗• General characteristics and classification
• Schistosomiasis
• Fasciola spp, Paragonimus spp
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Nematodes
↗• Intestinal: Enterobius vermicularis, Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale
• Intestinal and tissue: Strongyloides stercoralis, Trichinella spiralis
• Tissue: Brugia malayi, Onchocerca volvulus, Loa loa, Wuchereria bancrofti
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Dracunculus medinensis and Larva Migrans
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Study day 10
10. Systematic Virology
Pathogenesis of Viral Diseases and Adenovirus
↗• Human adenovirus infections
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Herpesviruses
↗• Herpes simplex 1 & 2, Varicella-zoster
• Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, HHV6, HHV7, HHV8
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Hepatitis Viruses
↗• HAV, HBV, HCV
• HDV, HEV
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Poxviruses
↗• Smallpox, MPox, Molluscum contagiosum
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Picornaviruses and Parvovirus
↗• Poliovirus, Coxsackie virus
• Parvovirus B-19
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Respiratory Viruses
↗• Influenza virus, Parainfluenza virus, Rhinovirus, Respiratory syncytial virus
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Paramyxoviruses and Rabies
↗• Measles virus, Rubella virus
• Rabies virus, Mumps virus
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Coronaviruses
↗• SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV
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Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers
↗• Definition and classification
• Yellow fever
• Ebola virus, Lassa virus
+ 1 more cardinal subtopics
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
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Rotavirus, Reovirus, Calicivirus
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Study day 11